Kiʻi marble ʻEnelani

Ua hoʻohuli ʻia ke kiʻi kiʻi Baroque mua ma ʻEnelani e ka nui o ka poʻe mahuka mai nā Kaua o ka hoʻomana ma ka ʻāina. ʻO kekahi o nā mea kālai kiʻi Pelekane mua i hoʻohana i ke ʻano, ʻo ia ʻo Nicholas Stone (I ʻike ʻia ʻo Nicholas Stone the Elder) (1586–1652). Ua aʻo ʻo ia me kekahi kanaka kālai ʻōlelo Pelekane ʻo Isaak James, a laila i ka makahiki 1601 me ka mea kālai kiʻi Dutch kaulana ʻo Hendrick de Keyser, nāna i lawe i ka hale kapu ma ʻEnelani. Ua hoʻi ʻo Stone i Holani me de Keyser, male i kāna kaikamahine, a ua hana ʻo ia i loko o kāna studio ma ka Repubalika Dutch a hiki i kona hoʻi ʻana mai i ʻEnelani i ka makahiki 1613. Ua hoʻololi ʻo Stone i ke ʻano Baroque o nā monument hoʻolewa, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai ʻo de Keyser, ʻoiai ma ka hale kupapaʻu. o Lede Elizabeth Carey (1617–18) a me ka halekupapau o Sir William Curle (1617). E like me ka poʻe kālai kiʻi Dutch, ua hoʻololi pū ʻo ia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka marble ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo i loko o nā monuments hoʻolewa, nā drapery kikoʻī kikoʻī, a hana i nā maka a me nā lima me kahi kūlohelohe maoli a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. I ka manawa like i hana ai ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he kiʻi kiʻi, ua hui pū ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea kākau me Inigo Jones.[28]

I ka hapalua ʻelua o ke kenekulia 18, ua hana ka Anglo-Dutch sculptor a me ka mea kālai lāʻau ʻo Grinling Gibbons (1648 - 1721), ka mea i aʻo ʻia ma ka Repubalika Dutch i hana i nā kiʻi Baroque koʻikoʻi ma ʻEnelani, me Windsor Castle a me Hampton Court Palace, St. Paul's Cathedral a me nā hale pule ʻē aʻe o Lādana. ʻO ka hapa nui o kāna hana ma ka lāʻau lime (Tilia), ʻoi aku ka nani o nā lei Baroque.[29] ʻAʻole i loaʻa i ʻEnelani kahi kula kiʻi kiʻi ʻāina e hiki ke hāʻawi i ke koi no nā hale kupapaʻu nui, nā kiʻi kiʻi a me nā monuments i nā kāne akamai (ʻo nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo English worthies). ʻO ka hopena, ua hana nui nā mea kālai mai ka ʻāina i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kiʻi Baroque ma ʻEnelani. Ua hana ʻia nā mea kālai kiʻi Flemish ma ʻEnelani mai ka hapa ʻelua o ke kenekulia 17, me Artus Quellinus III, Antoon Verhuke, John Nost, Peter van Dievoet a me Laurens van der Meulen.[30] Ua hui pinepine kēia mau mea pena Flemish me nā mea pena kiʻi kūloko e like me Gibbons. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ke kiʻi holo lio o Charles II kahi i kālai ai ʻo Quellinus i nā paneli kōkua no ka paepae marble, ma hope o ka hana ʻana a Gibbons.[31]

I ke kenekulia 18, e hoʻomau ʻia ke ʻano Baroque e ka hoʻokomo hou ʻana o nā mea pena kiʻi kontinental, me nā mea kālai kiʻi Flemish Peter Scheemakers, Laurent Delvaux a me John Michael Rysbrack a me ka Farani Louis François Roubiliac (1707–1767). ʻO Rysbrack kekahi o nā mea kālai kiʻi poʻokela o nā monuments, nā mea hoʻonani hale a me nā kiʻi i ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia 18. Ua hui pū kona ʻano i ka Flemish Baroque me nā mana Classical. Ua hana ʻo ia i kahi papa hana koʻikoʻi nona ka mea i waiho ʻia i kahi mea koʻikoʻi i ka hana o ke kiʻi kiʻi ma ʻEnelani.[32] Ua hōʻea ʻo Roubiliac i Lākana c. 1730, ma hope o ke aʻo ʻana ma lalo o Balthasar Permoser ma Dresden a me Nicolas Coustou ma Paris. Ua kaulana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he kiʻi kālai kiʻi a ma hope mai ua hana pū ʻo ia ma nā monuments kupapaʻu.[33] ʻO kāna mau hana kaulana loa he puʻupuʻu o ka mea haku mele ʻo Handel, [34] i hana ʻia i ka wā e ola ana ʻo Handel no ka kahu o ka Vauxhall Gardens a me ka hale kupapaʻu o Joseph lāua ʻo Lady Elizabeth Nightengale (1760). Ua make ʻino ʻo Lede Elizabeth no ka hānau keiki wahaheʻe i hoʻonāukiuki ʻia e ka uila i ka makahiki 1731, a ua hopu ʻia ka monumen hoʻolewa me ka ʻike maoli i ke ʻano o kona make ʻana. Ua hōʻike ʻia kāna mau kiʻi kiʻi a me nā ʻūhā i kāna mau kumuhana e like me lākou. Ua ʻaʻahu ʻia lākou i nā ʻaʻahu maʻamau a hāʻawi ʻia i nā kūlana kūlohelohe a me nā hiʻohiʻona, me ka ʻole o ka manaʻo hoʻomakeʻe. Hōʻike ʻia kāna mau kiʻi paʻi kiʻi i ke ola maikaʻi a no laila ʻokoʻa ia mai ka mālama ākea a Rysbrack
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Hans_Sloane_bust_(ʻoki ʻia)

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Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-24-2022