ʻO ke kiʻi kiʻi o Netherlands Hema

ʻO ka Southern Netherlands, ka mea i noho ma lalo o ka Spanish, Roman Catholic rule, he mea nui i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke kiʻi Baroque ma ʻEulopa ʻĀkau. Ua koi ka Roman Catholic Contrareformation i nā mea pena kiʻi i hana i nā kiʻi pena a me nā kiʻi kiʻi i loko o ka hale pule e ʻōlelo ai i ka poʻe ʻike ʻole ma mua o ka poʻe ʻike. Ua koʻikoʻi ka Contrareformation i kekahi mau manaʻo o ke aʻo ʻana i ka hoʻomana, ma muli o ia mea i lilo ai kekahi mau lako hale pule, e like me ka confessional i hoʻonui nui ʻia. ʻO kēia mau hana i hoʻonui nui ʻia i ka noi no ke kiʻi kiʻi hoʻomana ma ka Hema Netherlands.[17] Ua hoʻokani ʻia kahi hana koʻikoʻi e ka mea kālai kiʻi Brussels ʻo François Duquesnoy nāna i hana no ka hapa nui o kāna ʻoihana ma Roma. Ua hoʻolaha ʻia kona ʻano Baroque i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka Classicism o Bernini ma Netherlands Hema ma o kona kaikunāne ʻo Jerôme Duquesnoy (II) a me nā mea pena Flemish ʻē aʻe i aʻo ma kāna hale hana ma Roma e like me Rombaut Pauwels a me Artus Quellinus the Elder paha.[ 18][19]

ʻO ka mea kālai kiʻi kaulana loa ʻo Artus Quellinus the Elder, he lālā o ka ʻohana o nā mea kālai kiʻi kaulana a me nā mea pena kiʻi, a ʻo ka hoahānau a me ka haku o kekahi mea kālai Flemish kaulana, ʻo Artus Quellinus the Younger. Hānau ʻia ma Antwerp, ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka manawa ma Roma kahi i kamaʻāina ai ʻo ia i ke kiʻi kiʻi Baroque kūloko a me kona hoa pili ʻo François Duquesnoy. I kona hoʻi ʻana i Antwerp i ka makahiki 1640, ua lawe pū ʻo ia me ia i kahi ʻike hou e pili ana i ka hana o ka mea kālai. ʻAʻole i lilo ka mea kālai kiʻi i mea hoʻonani akā he mea hana i kahi hana kiʻi holoʻokoʻa kahi i hoʻololi ʻia ai nā mea hoʻolālā e nā kiʻi kiʻi. Ua lilo nā lako hale pule i kumu no ka hana ʻana i nā haku mele nui, i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka hale pule.[4] Mai ka makahiki 1650, ua hana ʻo Quellinus no 15 mau makahiki ma ke keʻena kūlanakauhale hou o Amsterdam me ke alakaʻi alakaʻi ʻo Jacob van Campen. I kēia manawa i kapa ʻia ʻo Royal Palace on the Dam, ʻo kēia hana kūkulu, a ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea hoʻonaninani marble āna a me kāna hale hana i hana ai, ua lilo i kumu hoʻohālike no nā hale ʻē aʻe ma Amsterdam. ʻO ka hui o nā kiʻi kiʻi a Artus i mālama ai i kāna hana ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Amsterdam, he nui nā mea kālai, ʻo ia hoʻi mai Flanders, ka mea e lilo i poʻe kiʻi kiʻi alakaʻi i ko lākou pono ponoʻī e like me kona hoahānau ʻo Artus Quellinus II, Rombout Verhulst, Bartholomeus Eggers a me Gabriël Grupello a malia paha. also Grinling Gibbons. Ma hope mai, hoʻolaha lākou i kāna ʻōlelo Baroque ma ka Repubalika Holani, Kelemānia a me ʻEnelani.[20][21] ʻO Lucas Faydherbe (1617-1697) koʻikoʻi ʻo Flemish Baroque sculptor no Mechelen, ka lua o ke kikowaena nui o ke kiʻi Baroque ma Netherlands Hema. Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo ia ma Antwerp ma ka hale hana ʻo Rubens a ua hana nui ʻo ia i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ke kiʻi kiʻi Baroque kiʻekiʻe ma ka Hema Netherlands.[22]

ʻOiai ua ʻike ka Southern Netherlands i ka emi ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka puka a me ka maikaʻi o kāna kula pena i ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia 17, ua hoʻololi ʻia ke kiʻi kiʻi i ke koʻikoʻi, ma lalo o ka manaʻo o ka noi kūloko a me ka honua a me ka nui, kiʻekiʻe. ka hopena maikaʻi o kekahi mau papa hana ʻohana ma Antwerp. ʻO ka mea kūikawā, nā papa hana a Quellinus, Jan a me Robrecht Colyn de Nole, Jan a me Cornelis van Mildert, Hubrecht a me Norbert van den Eynde, Peter I, Peter II a me Hendrik Frans Verbrugghen, Willem a me Willem Ignatius Kerricx, Pieter Scheemaeckers a me Lodewijk Willemsens i hana. he laulā o nā kiʻi kiʻi me nā lako hale pule, nā monumen hoʻolewa a me nā kiʻi kiʻi liʻiliʻi i hana ʻia i loko o ka ʻelepani a me nā lāʻau paʻa e like me ka pahu pahu. ʻOiai ʻo Artus Quellinus the Elder i hōʻike i ka Baroque kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka hauʻoli o ka Baroque i kapa ʻia ʻo Baroque hope i hoʻomaka mai ka makahiki 1660. I loko o kēia māhele, ua lilo nā hana i mea keaka, hōʻike ʻia ma o nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻomana-ecstatic a me nā mea hoʻonani nani.
0_Hercule_-_Lucas_Faydherbe_-_Victoria_and_Albert_museum

Hendrik_Frans_Verbrugghen_-_Pulpit_in_the_Cathedral_of_Brussels

Luis_de_Benavides_Carillo,_markies_van_Caracena,_landvoogd_van_de_Spaanse_Nederlanden,_Artus_Quellinus_I,_(1664),_Koninklijk_Museum_voor_Schone_Kunsten_Antwerpen,_701


Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-16-2022